1. Mehāniska daļa:
Komplektā mehāniskā daļa of the mikroskops ietver the objektīvs bāze, objektīvs muca, mērķis pārveidotājs, stadija, pusher, rupja regulēšana rokasrats, smalks regulēšana rokasrats un citi komponenti.
1) Spogulis bāze: The mirror base is the basic bracket of the microscope. It consist of two parts: the base and the mirror arm. There is a stage and lens tube addached to it, kas is the basis for installing the components of the optical magnification system. The base and mirror arms stabilizēt and support the whole microscope.
2) Objektīvs caurule: The okulārs is savienots ar the upper part of the objektīvs caurule un the converter is connected to the lower part, forming a dark room between the eyepiece and the objective lens (uzstādīts under the converter). The distance from the rear edge of the objective lens to the rear end of the lens tube is is called the mechanical tube length. Jo palielinājums of the objective objektīvs ir balstīts uz a noteikti garums of the objektīvs stobrs. Izmaiņas in the length of the lens barrel not only change the palielinājums, bet arī ietekmēt the image quality. Tāpēc, kad izmantojot a mikroskops, the garums of the lens barrel cannot be changed patvaļīgi. The international standard barrel length of a microscope is 160mm, and this number is usual marked on the outer shell of the objective lens. There are two types of lens tubes: single-tube lens and binocular lens. Single-tube lens tubes are divided into upright and tilted types, while binokular lens tubes are all tilted.
3) Objective lens converter: Three to four objective lenses can be installed on the objective lens converter, parasti trīs objective lēcas (zems palielinājums, augsts palielinājums un eļļa objektīvs). By pagrieziens the converter, you can align one of the objective lenses with the lens barrel as needed (piezīme ka jūs are rotējošs the converter to change the lens, you cant hold the objective lens to rotate), and form a palielinājums sistēma ar okulāru.
4) Stage: There is a hole in the center of the stage, which is a light channel. There are spring specimen clamps and pushers installed on the stage, which are used to fix and move the position of the specimen so that the microscope object is exactly in the center of the field of view.
5) Stūmējs: It is a mehāniska ierīce priekš kustas paraugi. It is komponēts of a metal rāmis ar divi stumšana pārnesums vārpstas, one horizontāli un viens vertikāls. A labs mikroskops ir svari iegravēts on vertikāls un horizontāls rāmis stieņi to forma a ļoti precīza plakne koordināta. Tie. Ja mums vajag novērot a noteikta daļa atkārtoti, mēs var rakstīt uz leju vērtības of the vertical and horizontal lineāli un tad kustēties to the same value to find it.
6) Rupjš regulēšana rokas rats (rupjš spirāle): The rupja regulēšana rokasrats is a ierīce kas ātri kustas uz pielāgo attālums starp mērķis objektīvs un paraugs paraugs.
7) Fine adjustment handwheel (fine spiral): The rupja regulēšana rokasrats var tikai aptuveni pielāgot the focus. To get the clearest object image, you need to use the macro spiral for fine adjustment.
2. Apgaismojums daļa
Uzstādīts zem the stage, it consist of a reflector (or light source), kondensators and apertūra.
1) Reflektors: Agrīnais optiskais mikroskopi lietotie dabiskie gaisma to pārbaudīt objekti, un a atstarotājs bija uzstādīts ieslēgts spogulis pamatne. A atstarotājs is komponēts of a plakana virsma un cits ieliekts spogulis, kas var atstarot gaisma projicēts ieslēgts it to kondensators objektīvs to apgaismot the paraugs. Ieliekti spoguļi ir arī lietots fokuss gaisma. Moderni optiski mikroskopi parasti lietošana elektriskā gaisma avoti bez atstarotāji, un var pielāgot the gaisma intensitāte.
2) Koncentrators: The kondensators is under the stage. It consist of a set of kondensators lēcas un a pacelšana skrūve. The kondensators is uzstādīts under the stage, and tā funkcija is to focus the light reflect by the light source on the sample to acquire the strongest lighting, so that the object image can be bright and clear. The height of the condenser can be adjusted so that the focus falls on the object being inspected to acquirein maximum brightness. General, the focus of the condenser is 1.25mm above it, and its lifting limit is 0.1mm below the stage plane. Tāpēc, it is required that the thickness of the slide should between 0}.8 and 1.2 mm, otherwise the sample to be inspected will not be in focus and the effect of microscopic examination will be affected.
3) Aperture: There is also an zaigojošā apertūra in front of the front lens group of the condenser. It can be open and closed to control the amount of light pass through, tādējādi ietekmē the resolution and contrast of imaging. If the zaigojo apertūra is atvērts pārāk liels, it pārsniegs vērtība of mērķis objektīvs. Kad apertūra ir ir pārāk maza, gaisma plankumi būs notiks; ja zaigojošs diafragma is too small, the resolution will samazinās un the contrast will increase. Tāpēc, kad novērošana, pielāgot the zaigojošs atvērums diafragma (mikroskops ar lauks diafragma (mikroskops ar lauks diafragma) to the outside of the perifērija of the field of view, so that no light is illuminated outside the field of view to avoid scattering light interference.
