Principi of attēlveidošana (ģeometriska attēlveidošana) of optiskie mikroskopi
Tikai kad atvērums leņķis of an objekts uz cilvēks acs ir nav mazāk nekā a noteikta vērtība, the naked eye can distinguish its details. This quantity is called visual resolution ε. Under optimal conditions, that is, that is, when the illumination of the object is 50~70lx and the contrast is large, it can reach 1'. For easier observation, this amount is general increase to 2', un šis ir ņemts as vidējais okulārs izšķirtspēja.
The size of the object's viewing angle is related to the length of the object and the distance from the object to the eye. There is a formula y=}ε
Attālums L nevar būt uztaisīts ļoti mazs jo korekcija spēja no acis ir a noteikti limit. Īpaši kad acis darbs tuvu to robežu robežu of the korekcija spēja, redze būs būs ārkārtīgi nogurusi. For standard (face view), the optimal viewing distance is 250mm (clear vision distance). This means that without instruments, eyes with a visual resolution of ε{{1}% 7d' var skaidri atšķirt detaļas of objekti ar a izmērs of 0.15mm.
Kad novērošana objekti ar a skatīšanās leņķis mazāk nekā 1', a palielinājums instruments jābūt jālieto. Palielinājums brilles un mikroskopi ir lietoti to novēroti objekti kas ir novietoti tuvu to novērotājs un vajadzētu jāpalielina.
(1) The imaging principle of magnifying glass
An optical lens made of glass or other transparent materials with a curved surface can magnify objects into images. The optical path diagram is shown in Figure 1. The object AB located within the object-side focus F has a size of y, and is magnified into a virtual image A'B' of a size of y'.
Palielinājums of palielinājums stikls
Γ=250/f'
Kur 250--}clear vision distance, unit is mm
f'--focal length of palielinājums stikls, vienība is mm
The magnification ratio refers to the ratio of the angle of view of an object image observed with a magnifying glass at a distance of 250 mm to the angle of view of an object observed without a magnifying glass.
(2) Attēlveidošana princips of mikroskops
Schematic diagram of an object being imaged by a microscope. For convenience, the figure shows the objective lens L1 and the eyepiece L2 as a single lens. Object AB is located in front of the objective lens, and its distance from the objective lens is greater than the focal length of the objective lens, but less than twice the focal length of the objective lens. Therefore, after it passes through the objective lens, it will inevitably form an inverted magnified real image A'B'. A'B' is located at the object focus F2 of the eyepiece, or very close to F2. It is then magnified into a virtual image A''B'' through the eyepiece for observation by the eyes. The position of the virtual image A''B'' depends on the distance between F2 and A'B', which can be at infinity (when A'B' is located on F2) or at the observer's apparent distance ( When A'B' is to the right of focus F2 in the figure). Eyepieces function like a magnifying glass. The only difference is that what the eye sees through the eyepiece is not the object itself, but the image of the object that has been magnified once by the objective lens.
